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An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families


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The Imperial Index: The Rulers of the Roman Empire

From Augustus to Constantine XI Palaeologus
 
 

The United Roman Empire


Dates
Name
31-14 Augustus
14-37 Tiberius
37-41 Gaius (Caligula)
41-54 Claudius
54-68  Nero

68 C. Iulius Vindex

68 L. Clodius Macer

68-69 Galba

C. Nymphidius Sabinus

69 Otho
69 Vitellius
69-79 Vespasian
79-81 Titus
81-96 Domitian

89 L. Antonius Saturninus

96-98 Nerva
98-117 Trajan
117-138 Hadrian
138-161 Antoninus Pius
161-180 Marcus Aurelius 

175 Avidius Cassius

161-166 L. Verus
180-192 Commodus
192-193 Pertinax
193 Didius Julianus
193-211 Septimius Severus

193-194 Pescennius Niger

193-197 Clodius Albinus

211-217 Antoninus (Caracalla)
211 Geta
217-218 Macrinus
218 Diadumenianus
218-22 Elagabalus

Seleucus

Uranius

Gellius Maximus

Verus

222-235 Severus Alexander 

225-227 L. Seius Sallustius

Taurinus

235-238 Maximinus Thrax

Magnus

Quartinus

238 Gordian I 

Gordian II

Pupienus (Maximus)

Balbinus

238-244 Gordian III 

240 Sabinianus

244-249 Philip the Arab

248 Pacatianus

248 Iotapianus

Silbannacus

Sponsianus

247-249 Philip Iunior
249-251 Decius

250 T. Julius Priscus

250 Iulius Valens Licinianus

251 Herennius Etruscus

251 Hostilian 

251-253 Trebonianus Gallus

Volusianus

253 Uranius Antoninus

253 Aemilius Aemilianus
253-260 Valerian

Mareades

253-268 Gallienus

260 Ingenuus

260 Regalianus

260-261 Macrianus Senior

260-261 Macrianus Iunior

260-261 Quietus

261 Piso

261 Valens

261 Ballista

261 Mussius Aemilianus

262 Memor

262, 268 Aureolus

Celsus

Saturninus

268-270 Claudius II Gothicus 

Censorinus

270 Quintillus

270-275 Aurelian

271-272 Domitianus

271-272 Urbanus

271-272 Septimius

273 Firmus

270-271? Felicissimus

272 Vaballathus

260-274 Gallic Emperors 

260-269 Postumus

269 Laelianus

269 Marius

269-270 Victorinus

271-274 Tetricus I

273?-274 Tetricus II

274 Faustinus

275-276 Tacitus
276 Florianus 
276-282 Probus

280 Bonosus

280-281 Proculus

281 Saturninus

282-283 Carus
283-284 Numerianus
283-285 Carinus
284-305  Diocletian

297(296?) L. Domitius Domitianus 

297-298? Aurelius Achilleus

303? Eugenius

285-ca.310 Maximianus Herculius

285 or 286 Amandus

285 or 286 Aelianus

ca. 286-293 Iulianus

286?-297? British Emperors 

286/7-293 Carausius

293-296/7 Allectus

293-306 Constantius I Chlorus
293-311 Galerius
305-313 Maximinus Daia
305-307 Severus II
306-312 Maxentius

308-309 L. Domitius Alexander

308-324 Licinius

314(316?)Valens

324 Martinianus

306-337 Constantine I 

333/334 Calocaerus

337-340 Constantine II
337-350 Constans I
337-361 Constantius II

350-353 Magnentius

350 Nepotian

350 Vetranio

355 Silvanus

361-363 Julian
363-364 Jovian
364-375 Valentinian I 

372?-374 or 375 Firmus

364-378 Valens

365-366 Procopius

366 Marcellus

367-383 Gratian
375-392 Valentinian II
378-395 Theodosius I the Great

383-388 Magnus Maximus

384-388 Flavius Victor

392-394 Eugenius


 

The Western Empire


395 PARTITION - WESTERN EMPIRE
393-423 Honorius

406-407 Marcus

407 Gratian

407-411 Constantine III

409/10-411 Constans II

409-411 Maximus

409-410, 414-415 Priscus Attalus

411-413 Jovinus

412-413 Sebastianus

413 Heraclianus

421 Constantius III

423-425 Johannes

425-455 Valentinian III
455 Petronius Maximus
455-456 Avitus
457-461 Majorian
461-465 Libius Severus
467-472 Anthemius

468 Arvandus

470 Romanus

472 Olybrius
473-474 Glycerius
474-475 Julius Nepos
475-476 Romulus Augustulus

The Eastern Empire


395 PARTITION - EASTERN EMPIRE
Dynasty of Theodosius
395-408 Arcadius
408-450 Theodosius II
450-457 Marcian (m. Pulcheria, gnddghtr Theod I)

457-474
Dynasty of Leo 

Leo I

474 Leo II
474-491 Zeno

475-476 Basiliscus
475-476 Marcus

484-488 Leontius 

491-518 Anastasius
Dynasty of Justinian
518-527 Justin
527-565 Justinian I
565-578 Justin II
578-582 Tiberius II (I) Constantine
582-602 Maurice
602-610 Phocas
Dynasty of Heraclius
610-641 Heraclius
641 Heraclonas

Constantine III

641-668  Constans II 

646-647 Gregory

649-653 Olympius

669 Mezezius

668-685 Constantine IV
685-695 Justinian II (banished) 
695-698 Leontius
698-705 Tiberius III(II)
705-711 Justinian II (restored)

711-713
Bardanes
713-716 Anastasius II
716-717 Theodosius III
Isaurian Dynasty
717-741 Leo III
741-775 Constantine V Copronymus

741/2-743 Artabasdus

775-780 Leo IV
780-797 Constantine VI
797-802 Irene
802-811 Nicephorus I
811 Stauracius
811-813 Michael I
813-820 Leo V

820-829
Phrygian Dynasty 

Michael II 

821-823 Thomas

829-842 Theophilus
842-867 Michael III
Macedonian Dynasty
867-886 Basil I 

869-879 Constantine

887-912 Leo VI
912-913  Alexander 
913-959 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 
920-944 Romanus I Lecapenus 

921-931 Christopher

924-945 Stephen

959-963 Romanus II
963-969 Nicephorus II Phocas
969-976 John I Tzimiskes
976-1025 Basil II
1025-1028 Constantine VIII (IX) alone 
1028-1034 Romanus III Argyrus 
1034-1041 Michael IV the Paphlagonian 
1041-1042 Michael V Calaphates 
1042 Zoe and Theodora
1042-1055 Constantine IX Monomachus 
1055-1056 Theodora alone
1056-1057 Michael VI Stratioticus 
Prelude to Comnenian Dynasty
1057-1059 Isaac I Comnenos 
1059-1067 Constantine X (1X) Ducas 
1068-1071 Romanus IV Diogenes 
1071-1078 Michael VII Ducas 
1078-1081 Nicephorus III Botaniates
1078-1081 Nicephorus Bryennius
1078-1081 Nicephorus Basilacius
1080-1081 Nicephorus Melissenus
Dynasty of the Comneni
1081-1118 Alexius I Comnenus 
1118-1143 John II Comnenus
1143-1180 Manuel I
1180-1183 Alexius II
1183-1185 Andronicus I
1183-1191 Isaac, Emperor of Cyprus
Dynasty of the Angeli
1185-1195 Isaac II 
1195-1203 Alexius III
1203-1204 Isaac II (restored) with Alexius IV 
1204 Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus 
Lascarid Dynasty in Nicaea
1204-1222 Theodore I Lascaris
1222-1254 John III Ducas Vatatzes 
1254-1258 Theodore II Lascaris 
1258-1261 John IV Lascaris 
Dynasty of the Palaeologi
1259-1282 Michael VIII Paleologus 
1282-1328 Andronicus II
1328-1341 Andronicus III
1341-1391 John V Palaeologus 

1347-1354 John VI Cantacuzenus 

1376-1379 Andronicus IV
1379-1391 John V (restored) 
1390 John VII
1391-1425 Manuel II
1425-1448 John VIII
1449-1453 Constantine XI (XIII) Dragases 

 
 


Updated: 21 June 2021

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